Capturing the Andromeda galaxy (M31) from Earth involves navigating significant visual interference caused by atmospheric conditions and human-made objects. A collection of 223 images, each featuring a 300-second exposure, was captured from a private observatory in Portugal in 2019 to document the galaxy. In their raw state, these images contained various imperfections, including streaks from cosmic rays, malfunctioning camera pixels, and the distinct paths of airplanes and satellites.
To clarify the view of the galaxy, researchers utilized specialized software suites, including DeepSkyStacker, PixInsight, and Astro Pixel Processor. The goal of this digital processing was not to alter the appearance of the galaxy itself, but to filter out terrestrial artifacts that obscure the view from Earth. By removing these distractions, the final composite provides a more accurate representation of the Andromeda galaxy as it exists in space.
Source: NASA
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