Six months into the ongoing military conflict between the United States and Iran, observers are questioning whether international legal standards are being upheld. Legal scholars have characterized the initiation of the war as a violation of Article 2 of the UN Charter, which prohibits the use or threat of force between nations.

International humanitarian law, often referred to as the laws of war, mandates a clear distinction between combatants and civilians, protecting civilian infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and water facilities. Despite these protections, the conflict has seen several incidents involving civilian casualties. Notably, a bombing in the town of Minab on the first day of the war resulted in the deaths of at least 156 people, including 120 children, at a girls' primary school. While the US military has acknowledged it was "likely" responsible due to outdated targeting data, no comprehensive investigation has been released.

Concerns have also been raised regarding the targeting of essential infrastructure. In June, precision strikes damaged water reservoirs near the Strait of Hormuz, affecting the water supply for 20,000 civilians. Experts note that targeting desalination plants and water storage in an arid region poses severe risks to the civilian population, potentially constituting a war crime.

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The current US administration has frequently challenged the authority of international legal bodies, with officials such as Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth publicly dismissing traditional rules of engagement. Hegseth’s rhetoric regarding the treatment of enemies has drawn criticism from legal experts, who point out that ordering the denial of quarter to those no longer participating in combat is a prohibited act under international law.

Achieving accountability remains a significant challenge. Because neither the United States nor Iran are parties to the International Criminal Court, the court lacks jurisdiction over the conflict. Consequently, legal experts argue that domestic investigations within both nations are necessary to address potential violations and deter future misconduct.

Source: The Conversation